The adjustment of the subsidy policy for purchasing machinery in 2015 can be said to be one of the hot topics in the agricultural machinery circle. According to the Guidelines for the Implementation of Subsidies for Agricultural Machinery Purchase from 2015 to 2017 (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), the two ministries of Agriculture and Finance have made scientific adjustments in the object, scope and standard of subsidy. The adjusted subsidy policy is more standardized in operation, safer in funds and more efficient in policy. So, in the process of policy implementation, what changes have taken place in the management mode of local agricultural machinery departments, the production and marketing strategy of production enterprises, and the demand of agricultural machinery cooperative organizations or farmers for purchasing machines? After one year's practice, have agricultural machinery departments, production enterprises and agricultural machinery service organizations grasped the doorway among them?
Change 1: Machines can be purchased directly in the name of cooperatives
"In the past, when we bought machinery in a cooperative, we had to buy it in the name of a member. Even if the cooperative contributed money, we had to pay the subsidies to the account of the member. After the reform of the subsidy policy for purchasing machines in 2015, we can buy them directly in the name of cooperatives, and we can also enjoy the benefits of preferential purchase, which saves many troubles in the procedure of purchasing machines, and the subsidy is paid into the account of cooperatives at one time. The chairman of Qifeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, Wuming County, Guangxi, said with a laugh.
In 2015, Opinions expanded the scope of subsidies to individuals directly engaged in agricultural production and agricultural production and operation organizations. Subsidies are no longer limited to farmers. Urban residents and agricultural enterprises directly engaged in agricultural production can also apply for subsidies for purchasing machines. Most provinces also give preferential subsidies to agricultural machinery cooperatives, while the rest queue up according to the order of application entry, first buy, first make up, until the subsidy funds are exhausted.
It is worth mentioning that the "Opinion" includes agricultural enterprises as subsidized objects. This welfare not only solves the urgent need of many grain production and processing enterprises and grain managers in purchasing machines, but also is a good news for agricultural machinery production enterprises. The most obvious is that the customer group of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises has increased, and sales to a certain extent show an upward trend.
"In the past, our customer groups were mainly cooperatives and large farmers of machinery. Although they had the desire to buy machines, their ability to buy machines was limited, and the sales volume of enterprises did not increase significantly. After the increase of subsidies, grain processing enterprises, family farms and grain managers also joined the ranks of purchasing machines, and sales rose sharply. Zhang Debang, Minister of Electronic Commerce of Zhengzhou Wangu Machinery Co., Ltd., Henan Province, said, "At the same time, with the increasing demand for dryers in recent years, during July-September 2015, there was a shortage of supply and demand in the dryer market all over the country. It is expected that this year will continue the trend of last year. According to the current production quantity, the product is zero. Parts have been produced in batches. If the batch production of machines and tools can be continued in the next few years, the cost of dryers is expected to decrease.
It is understood that since the liberalization of subsidies, many agricultural production and operation organizations throughout the country have received subsidies. Taking Hunan Province as an example, 137 agricultural enterprises directly engaged in agricultural production have received subsidies for purchasing machines in 2015.
Change 2: Some key links can be bought openly

"The price of a sugarcane planter is 70,000 yuan, the state subsidies 20,000 yuan, and the provincial subsidies 20,000 yuan. The cooperative only needs 30,000 yuan, so the cooperative will be able to buy enough machinery to operate." Tan Shengsheng told reporters.
In order to make the use of subsidized funds for purchasing machines more "accurate", the central subsidized items will be reduced in 2015. Provinces can choose some items as the scope of subsidized items, and select some key links of machinery and tools for open subsidies according to the development needs of local dominant industries and the scale of subsidized funds.
The narrowing of the scope of subsidies means that the focus of subsidies is more prominent. "The basic thing cancelled in the subsidies catalogue is outdated machinery. The main subsidies are new machines. Cooperatives are in urgent need of machinery within the scope of key subsidies." Wang Shui, chairman of Hengtong Agricultural Machinery Specialized Cooperative in Zouping County, Shandong Province, who has many years of experience in purchasing machinery, proposed that after the reform of the subsidy policy, the subsidy quota for cooperatives will increase, and we will be able to buy the subsidy machines in demand. I think the subsidy catalogue can be further reduced, and we can continue to eliminate backward machines and buy key machines without limit.
It is understood that in 2015, the provinces have scientifically adjusted the scope of provincial subsidies in accordance with the Opinions. Wang Luofang, Director-General of Hunan Agricultural Machinery Bureau, told reporters: "After the reform, the types of subsidized machines in Hunan Province have been reduced to 75 categories of 32 sub-categories, 11 sub-categories, 1 sub-category and 2 sub-categories, compared with 2014, and all 20 self-selected items and subsidized machinery items that are difficult to supervise have been cancelled. The proportion of subsidized funds occupied by tractors, tillers, rotary tillers, rice transplanters, combine harvesters and grain dryers increased from 65% in 2014 to 80% in this year. In principle, all subsidized products are open to subsidies and the GSP system is implemented.
In order to ensure food security, the State encourages grain planting and subsidizes the machines and tools needed in key links of grain, cotton, oil and sugar production. Tan Shengling told reporters: "Sugarcane is a special cash crop in Guangxi, the sugarcane planting area of cooperatives is large, the number of sugarcane planters and harvesters purchased in previous years can not meet the production needs of cooperatives. After the policy reform, our cooperative purchased 36 sugarcane planters and 30 sugarcane harvesters at one time. The Regional Agricultural Machinery Department knows that we still need more machines and promises to continue to increase the number of subsidized machines in 2016. This really solves the big problem of sugarcane production in the cooperatives! ________
At the same time, the subsidy fund for purchasing machines can also "reserve funds" for key machines according to previous years'experience. According to Hu Wei, deputy director of the Agricultural Machinery Management Office of Tianjin Rural Work Committee, in 2015, Tianjin, on the premise of determining the priority of subsidies, requested all districts and counties agricultural machinery centers to reserve a certain amount of subsidized funds to ensure the precise use of municipal financial funds and give full play to the agricultural machinery products urgently in need of key development in the districts and counties. The leading role of subsidized funds. "For example, Xiqing District has reserved 90% of the municipal financial subsidy funds in view of the characteristics of facility agriculture upgrading and heavy new construction tasks in this year's county. In the autumn peak demand season, it has centralized its use and completed the task well, basically meeting the needs of users."
Change 3: The subsidies for the same gear are the same everywhere, and the buyer has the right to negotiate.
"Nowadays, when buying the same type of machinery, the subsidies are the same everywhere. Cooperatives have the initiative in bargaining. In 2015, several large-scale agricultural machinery enterprises have launched group buying activities. Cooperatives buy high-powered tractors. On the premise of enjoying quota subsidies, each machine is cheaper than the original market price by 2000-3000 yuan. We are realistic. It's paid off." Wang Shui told reporters.
In order to prevent the disparity of subsidies between provinces and regions for similar machinery, starting in 2015, three forms of subsidies for purchasing agricultural machinery have been carried out in the agricultural sector: first, the general machinery will continue to be classified and classified by the Ministry of Agriculture and the maximum subsidy amount of central financial funds will be determined; second, three or more provinces will make up the subsidies. The non-general-purpose machines and tools affixed are divided into four groups throughout the country. The relevant provinces jointly study and classify them and determine the maximum subsidy of the central financial funds. The third is to classify and classify the non-general-purpose machines and tools subsidized by 1-2 provinces and determine the subsidy amount. The provinces themselves organize and strengthen the communication and coordination between neighboring provinces.

It is understood that in 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the List of the Maximum Subsidy Amount of Central Financial Funds for General Agricultural Machinery from 2015 to 2017, which played an important role in promoting the standardization of the classification of subsidized machines and tools and avoiding the disparity of inter-provincial subsidies.
In 2015, the provinces have made some adjustments, and the subsidy standards have been set more scientifically. Wang Luofang, for example, said: "In 2015, Hunan Province divided subsidized products into 342 categories. Compared with 2014, none of them increased the subsidy amount in different grades, and 95 of them reduced the subsidy amount, accounting for 27.7%. The biggest reduction was 110 horsepower caterpillar tractors, which reduced by 31,000 yuan. In the implementation process, the provincial agricultural machinery department has also lowered the subsidy amount of 10 classifications of 5 items.
Facing the adjusted subsidy standard, the most urgent task for agricultural machinery departments in various regions is to strictly file the machines and tools. Reporters learned that in 2015, Hubei Province organized three batches of provincial filing work. In the process of filing each batch of products, the Provincial Bureau strictly carries out its work in accordance with the procedures of declaration of production enterprises, publicity of filed products, expert examination and announcement of filing situation. Liu Changhua, director of Hubei Agricultural Machinery Bureau, told reporters: "According to statistics, 715 items of products were declared in the filing system of subsidized products in Hubei Province in the whole year. Through the expert's examination one by one, products whose items or configuration parameters did not meet the requirements were eliminated, and only 610 items of products finally entered the scope of Provincial subsidies."
Change 4: The punishment is so strong that it is very difficult for illegal enterprises to enter the subsidy market.
With the gradual improvement of the subsidy policy for purchasing machines, the Opinion calls on provinces to strengthen supervision and further strengthen the punishment of enterprises violating rules and regulations.
According to Wang Quanxing of the Equipment Management Office of the Agricultural Machinery Management Office of the Tianjin Rural Work Committee, the violation of regulations by enterprises mainly involves the following aspects: not publicizing the types of subsidized agricultural machinery products, production enterprises, models, allocation, prices and subsidies standards in a conspicuous place of business; The label of "distributor of subsidized products for agricultural machinery purchase" is hung in the business place; after farmers purchase machines, the supply is not timely, causing complaints; violating the "three packages" regulations, causing complaints; failing to explain the operation methods and safety precautions of agricultural machinery to the purchasers; the sales records and the files of subsidized equipment for agricultural machinery purchase are not perfect, etc. Reporters learned that once the above-mentioned problems were found in agricultural machinery departments, they would quickly carry out verification work, and take various measures to deal with the products with real problems, such as suspending subsidies, interviewing enterprises, lowering subsidies standards, disqualifying subsidies and recovering subsidized funds.
Ma Jindong, deputy director of the office of Gansu Agricultural Machinery Bureau, introduced: "In 2015, Gansu Agricultural Machinery Department announced to the community six provincial, 14 municipalities and 102 County farms'service supervision telephone calls, timely acceptance of complaints and investigation and processing. Through the continuous dynamic supervision of subsidies and higher subsidies, the subsidies of 7 items and 16 grades of machines with high subsidies proportion were adjusted accordingly; according to the procedure, the subsidies of 5 illegal production and distribution enterprises, such as unqualified nameplates and false information, were suspended, and the subsidies of 2 unqualified products were cancelled.
In addition, with the increase of subsidies, many illegal businessmen have taken a fancy to the key subsidized machinery market in various provinces. Zhu Peng, assistant general manager of Shandong Dahua Machinery Co., Ltd., told reporters: "In 2015, deep-loosening land preparation was promoted nationwide. In order to obtain subsidized benefits, many enterprises are producing deep-loosening machines in droves, and deep-loosening manufacturers are bursting out." However, it has increased a lot, which makes the whole market of deep loosening machines mixed. Zhang Debang told reporters: "There are some illegal businessmen to purchase product drawings from relevant production enterprises and imitate them according to drawing parameters, but due to the lack of design and technical personnel, illegal businessmen sell them to consumers at low prices, but their product performance can not meet the industry standards of agricultural machinery, and after-sales service can not follow up. It has brought a lot of losses to consumers and disturbed the normal market order at the same time. It can be seen that the original threshold of agricultural machinery access is not in line with the current market, and industry enterprises call for improving the threshold of product identification and industry standards.