Driven by the subsidy policy of agricultural machinery purchase, the amount of agricultural machinery in China has increased rapidly. In 2015, the total power of agricultural machinery reached 1.1 billion kilowatts, the level of comprehensive mechanization of farming and harvesting reached 63%, the number of agricultural machinery practitioners reached more than 550 million, the number of agricultural machinery owned more than 50 million sets, the annual operating income was about 570 billion yuan, and the economic pattern of agricultural machinery service industry was initially formed, thus forming a relatively independent agricultural machinery management (service) group. 。 Because of the super-miniaturization of the scale of agricultural operation in our country, it is not enough for households to buy machines, but a relatively professional team of agricultural machinery service industry is necessary, which has created the marketization of agricultural machinery management (service). Market economy is a risky economy, and farm machinery management is no exception. The purpose of investing in farm machinery is to obtain operating profits and make investors have reasonable returns. This is the basis for the healthy development of agricultural machinery management and service industry. Therefore, understanding risk and reducing risk effectively is a topic that agricultural machinery operators must face.

Influenced by uncertain factors, agricultural machinery investors can not recover their investment on time and obtain reasonable profits due to poor management, which makes it difficult for them to succeed in business failure. There are four kinds of risks in the operation of agricultural machinery.
First, the investment risk, that is, after investment, can not make the investment value-preserving and value-added, the loans used for agricultural machinery operation can not be recovered on time, resulting in credit crisis;
One
The second is business risk, which refers to the risks arising in business. It is related to the management mode and strategy of the operator, the quality of the operator itself and the adaptability. If, with the change of market demand, timely and correct adjustment of business strategy and selection of business mode, the possibility of success is high, and vice versa, the risk is high.
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Third, the risk of insecurity, even in the use of agricultural machinery due to improper use of accidents caused by the loss. This loss (risk) will lead to the loss of many years of operating results.
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Fourth, uncertain risk, that is, the risk of future agricultural machinery management environment prediction and decision-making errors. In the market economy, if we make a correct judgment on the social environment of operation and the characteristics and trends of the industry, we will resolve this uncertainty.
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Based on the research of agricultural machinery management and the follow-up survey of some successful owners of agricultural machinery management, the author finds that there are several ways to reduce the risk of agricultural machinery management:
1. Scientific decision-making to avoid blindness
At present, the market of agricultural machinery management and service is expanding and the field is expanding. Agricultural machinery service market has two major characteristics: national unity and regional. Before and during the decision-making and operation, we should subdivide the demand market, find out the items that the supply can not meet, enter quickly and take the lead, which is the way to win; in the balanced supply and demand projects, we should have characteristics to win by specialty; in the projects where the supply exceeds the demand, we should highlight the "superiority" to win by superiority. Cross-regional mechanical harvesting of wheat and rice provides an example, and is developing in many fields, such as mechanical harvesting of maize, cultivation and sowing, straw feeding, drying of agricultural products, and flow processing of agricultural products, with unlimited business opportunities. It is also wise to grasp the regional characteristics and strive for victory steadily. The diversity of agricultural machinery services, the unity of the national market and the characteristics of the service area provide broad development space for the owners of agricultural machinery operation. Analyzing the market, seizing opportunities, making scientific decisions and investing in time can reduce risks and increase the probability of success.

To investigate the existing agricultural machinery operators, we should look at their operating performance, evaluate the feasibility of investment, and pay attention to removing the false and retaining the true. The first-hand information obtained from these surveys is the investigation of the operation mode of agricultural machinery in the region, to see what kind of operation strategy is more conducive to the future operation; the investigation of different markets to determine the direction of operation; and the investigation of regional agricultural machinery operation status, such as the current situation of the structure of agricultural machinery in the region, the income of different machinery operation, etc. Make the necessary assessment of investment, decide whether to enter and how to engage in agricultural machinery management.

With the continuous improvement of urbanization level, the optimization and adjustment of agricultural structure, 13 "No. 1 Documents" have been issued, and a series of preferential policies for agriculture, such as purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery, have been intensively promulgated in order to stabilize and develop agricultural production. Grasping business opportunities, aiming at comparative advantage industries in agricultural industry, providing unique agricultural machinery services, and creating service brands, we can achieve good business results.

First, agricultural machinery operators should insure their operating property, machinery, equipment and employees, and transfer part of their operational risks to insurance companies, which will compensate for the losses incurred.
Second, we should actively set up nongovernmental organizations such as Robot Association and safety Mutual Aid Association to concentrate part of our financial resources and carry out risk mutual assistance, so as to effectively reduce business risks.
Third, seize the opportunity of market opening, set up national or regional policy agricultural insurance company and agricultural machinery insurance branch as soon as possible, take the whole industry's efforts to provide agricultural machinery operators with high quality and low price insurance barriers. At present, Shaanxi Province, Hubei Province and Hunan Province have had successful experience. Through the establishment of agricultural machinery safety association, based on this platform, the mutual insurance business of agricultural machinery safety risk has been carried out, and the overall planning of the province has been achieved. This practice effectively improves the anti-risk ability of agricultural machinery operators, and will greatly promote the healthy development of agricultural mechanization. Relevant departments should take the implementation of the Regulations on Agricultural Insurance as an opportunity to strive for the policy support of the state for mutual insurance of agricultural machinery so as to make it a sharp weapon for the operators of agricultural machinery to fight against risks, while the operators of agricultural machinery should actively participate in and actively insure in order to defuse risks and improve their management level.

For agricultural machinery operators, accidents are catastrophic, and safety is the greatest benefit. We should regularly do a good job in agricultural machinery technical inspection and inspection, so as to verify and repair. At the same time, we should conscientiously implement the "Rules for Safe Operation of Agricultural Machinery" and "Technical Standards for Safe Operation of Agricultural Machinery", timely maintain machinery and equipment, educate operators to strictly abide by laws, regulations and rules of agricultural machinery, and act in accordance with the norms.

Agricultural machinery operators should learn and master national laws and policies in a timely manner so as to make their business activities consistent with the macroeconomic situation of the country. National laws and policies are the "Big Dipper" that decides the management strategy of agricultural machinery. At present, there are fewer people who know about it. From the perspective of barrel theory, it is necessary to make up some "short board". We should learn from the modern enterprise system and seize the business opportunities to expand and strengthen the agricultural machinery service industry. At present, the State has promulgated the Law on Farmers'Specialized Cooperatives, on which the Ministry of Agriculture has issued the Model Rules of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives, aiming at promoting farmers'organization, carrying out large-scale and industrialized operation and improving their ability to resist risks. Agricultural machinery operators should seize this opportunity, through asset restructuring, joint-stock system, cooperative system and other forms, from family retail operation to corporate enterprise transformation, casting "aircraft carrier" of agricultural machinery operation, reducing operating costs, improving operating efficiency, and embarking on the fast track of business development. Learn advanced management concepts, guide their own business behavior, rely on their own characteristics and advantages to avoid risks and ensure healthy development.

Agricultural machinery cooperatives are developed on the basis of the continuous growth of agricultural machinery professional households, and become an important part of farmers'professional cooperatives. By the end of 2015, 54,000 Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives were registered in accordance with the law, an increase of more than 4400 over the previous year, and a good development trend of simultaneous improvement of quality and quality has emerged. Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives have 3.17 million sets of agricultural machinery. Among them, large and medium-sized tractors, combine harvesters, transplanters and grain dryers reached 496,000 units, 354,000 units, 167,000 units and 16,000 units respectively, accounting for a quarter of the social reserves. The original value of agricultural machinery reached 84.53 billion yuan, an increase of 34.9% over the previous year. The total area of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives in China has reached 712 million mu, accounting for about 12% of the total area of agricultural mechanization, and the number of farmers serving has reached 38.87 million. Its operating efficiency is getting better and better. The total income of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives in China has reached 81.4 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 20 billion yuan over the previous year, and the average income of the cooperatives has reached 1.51 million yuan, an increase of 260,000 yuan over the previous year. Agricultural mechanization service is still the main business of agricultural machinery cooperatives, with its income reaching 56.7 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2 billion yuan over the previous year, including 43.1 billion yuan in field operations and 8 billion yuan in repairing services, respectively, an increase of 1.7 billion yuan and 4 billion yuan over the previous year. Various localities have issued opinions and standards for the standardization of agricultural machinery cooperatives, focusing on cultivating a number of demonstration cooperatives with complete facilities, complete functions, distinct features and good benefits, and actively guiding them to play a leading role in demonstration of agricultural mechanization production, cross-regional operations, the promotion of new technologies and new machines and land transfer. 。 On average, the income of joining members increased by more than 30% compared with that of farm machinery households operating separately. Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives promote the development of other professional cooperative organizations, and promote the flow, optimization and efficient allocation of advanced production factors.
Therefore, agricultural machinery operators should reduce their operational risks and achieve good performance.

Firstly, we should earnestly study and grasp the general trend of agricultural machinery management system innovation.
Second, actively establish or participate in the establishment of agricultural machinery cooperatives, to obtain stable and leapfrog development opportunities;
Third, actively subscribe to agricultural mechanization newspapers and periodicals, learn from them the scientific and technological knowledge of agricultural machinery management, agricultural machinery use and maintenance, agricultural machinery safety development, learn new knowledge, armed minds, and seek greater development in innovation.
Source: Report on Agricultural Mechanization in China