Hong Fan's eight policies make food the chief.
Food in hand, not panic in heart.
From ancient times to the present, food security has always been the top priority of the country.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as its general secretary, has always regarded food security as the top priority in governing the country and government. It has put forward a new strategy for national food security in the new era, namely, the "rice bowl theory", "bottom line theory", "red line theory"... A series of significant theoretical and practical innovations on food security have been formed, and a road of food security with Chinese characteristics has been found. It has laid an important material foundation for the long-term stability of the country and made an important contribution to the maintenance of world food security.
Walking out a Road of Food Security with Chinese Characteristics
A country's food security can not be separated from the correct national food security strategy, and the correct food security strategy stems from a profound grasp of the national conditions and a profound insight into the general trend of world development.
China's new food security strategy began in 2013. This year's Central Rural Work Conference was an important meeting on food security with high specifications. All the standing committees of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee attended the conference. General Secretary Xi Jinping made a systematic exposition of the food security strategy in the new period for the first time. He stressed the extreme importance of food security, "China's more than 1.3 billion mouth to eat, do not eat can not survive, leisurely everything, eat is big". He warned, "Keep history in mind. You can't get amnesia on eating. You can't get over the scars and forget the pain."
Hungry years can not be forgotten! A full meal may soon be forgotten, but the impression of hunger is unforgettable. Once upon a time, the Chinese people had a day to eat with "tickets", a piece of thin paper about the size of square inches, which directly related to people's most basic right to eat; and "satiating" was once a difficult thing that troubled top leaders and down to ordinary people. History tells us that if food is insufficient, the development of a country will be delayed and even subjected to others; the truly powerful countries in the world are those that can ensure their own food security.
Food security can not be loosened! General Secretary Xi Jinping said that as long as there were no major food problems, China's affairs would be stable. Food security is not only an economic issue, but also a political issue, and it is the "sea God needle" of national development.
Food price is the basis of a hundred prices, which is related to price stability. It is an important support for stable growth and employment protection, especially under the background of increasing downward pressure in the economy. Food is related to national transportation and people's livelihood. Food security is the ballast stone to maintain social stability and an important basis for national security.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that ensuring national food security is an eternal issue.
How to understand the word "eternity" when grain has been produced year after year and grain tickets have been cancelled for more than 20 years?
Food security is extremely complex and can not be easily passed at any time. On the one hand, with the increase of population and urbanization, the demand for grain will increase rigidly, reaching 1.4 trillion kg by 2020. The pressure is great for grain growth to catch up with the increase of consumption. On the other hand, the situation of more people, less land and less water restricts the tapping of grain production potential. The enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain is affected by the fact that "one year is worse than one month of working".
It's easy to fall in grain production, but difficult to get up. General Secretary Xi Jinping examines the issue of "rice bowl" from a strategist's perspective. He said that we can't take chances or toss about food issues. Once there is a big problem, it will be passive for many years. This is true: in the mid-1990s, China's grain harvest was bumper year after year, and the production of grain was relaxed. As a result, the production of grain decreased by 15.9% from 1998 to 2003, and it did not return to the level of 10 years ago until 2008.
Experience tells us that although grain production has increased for many years, it does not mean that we have thoroughly solved the food problem, but just when the agricultural situation is good, we should not slacken and relax food production.
How to find a way of food security that conforms to China's reality? In order to answer this important theoretical and practical issue, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made in-depth investigations and investigations throughout the country's major agricultural areas. Along the way, different emphases, the same starting point:
In November 2013, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the rural grass-roots survey put forward that we must pay more attention to and rely on the progress of agricultural science and technology than ever before, and take the road of intensive development. We should timely adjust the route of agricultural technological progress, strengthen the construction of agricultural scientific and technological personnel, and train new professional farmers.
In May 2014, during a survey of high-standard grain fields in Yushi County, Henan Province, it was proposed to open up new ways, explore new space and cultivate new advantages in improving grain production capacity. Food production is fundamentally in arable land, lifeline in water conservancy, outlet in science and technology, and power in policy. These key points need to be implemented and put in place one by one.
In July 2015, during a visit to Guangdong Village, Jilin Province and Longshi City, it was pointed out that the state should increase its support to the major grain producing areas, enhance their ability to develop economy and increase financial revenue, and realize the organic unity of grain production development and economic strength in the major grain producing areas.
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Deep into the grass-roots level, understand the grain situation and grasp the general trend. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a profound explanation on the road of food security with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of the world, national conditions and agricultural conditions, and put forward a new national food security strategy of "taking ourselves as the main body, basing itself on the domestic market, ensuring production capacity, moderate imports, and scientific and technological support". A new strategic chess game is under way:
On the strategic basis, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward that "we should basically solve the problem of food for our people at home". Food security can not be bought. As the most populous responsible country, it is neither realistic nor possible to rely on imports to ensure food security. Billions of Chinese cannot live by buying food. Otherwise, once the wind blows and the grass moves, the rich can not buy food, we will fall into passivity.
As for the strategic bottom line, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that "the red line of cultivated land should be strictly guarded against death"; "grain is basically self-sufficient and rations are absolutely safe". In the past, it was the preservation of the whole. As conditions changed, it was no longer realistic. There must be trade-offs. The national food security strategy defines the priorities of food security, first of all, grain and rations. This is a strategic choice to rationally allocate resources and concentrate our efforts on key issues.
As for the strategic requirements, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward that "both quantity and quality should be emphasized". Food is the most basic food and the basic raw material for food processing. Food quality and safety is the source of food safety. In the past, we emphasized quantity safety. In the future, we should pay more attention to quality safety while guaranteeing quantity supply. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the good production environment.
A road of food security suitable for its own characteristics and with Chinese characteristics is clearly paved in the direction of national dream.
Food security as a top priority in governing the country and government
The new food security strategy leads the new practice of food security.
Over the past three years, under the guidance of the food security strategy, a series of new mechanisms and measures have been formed from the central government to the local government, which take into account both the current and the long-term. More attention has been paid to reform-driven, input-driven and mobilization of grain-growing enthusiasm. With the passage of time, the innovation of food security practice has never stopped.
More attention should be paid to reform drive. The central document No. 1 of 2014 proposed to improve the price formation mechanism of grain and other important agricultural products. We will gradually establish a target price system for agricultural products, subsidize low-income consumers when market prices are too high, and subsidize producers at differential prices when market prices are lower than target prices, so as to ensure farmers'earnings. Subsequently, the state abolished the long-term storage policy for soybeans in Northeast China and changed it to a target price subsidy.
More attention is paid to input-driven. In January 2016, the central government decided to increase the proportion of fiscal premium subsidies for grain crop insurance by 7.5 percentage points. This is an innovative measure to stabilize grain production capacity on the supply side. Document No. 1 of the Central Committee of the same year proposed to increase investment, integrate construction funds, innovate investment and financing mechanisms, accelerate the pace of construction, ensure the construction of 800 million mu by 2020, strive to build a billion mu of concentrated joint, drought and flood harvest, stable and high-yield, eco-friendly high-standard farmland.
More attention should be paid to mobilizing the enthusiasm of grain growing. In January 2015, the State Council promulgated "Several Opinions on Establishing and Perfecting the Responsibility System of Provincial Governors for Food Security". This is the first document to fully implement the responsibility of local governments for food security, involving food production, circulation, consumption and other links. Document No. 1 of the Central Committee of the same year proposed to strengthen the policy preference towards major grain-producing provinces and counties, so as to ensure that major grain-producing counties focus on agriculture and grasp the benefits and development of grain.
The new practice of food security has consolidated the guarantee of food security.
Farmers have the most say in the current situation of food security. "When it rains, the rainwater will be collected under the film to keep moisture, heat preservation and increase production, so that we can get rid of the drought." Xiqu Village, Zhengning County, Gansu Province, adopted the technology of full-film double ridge and furrow sowing, with an average yield of 1200 Jin per mu, which was unthinkable before. In recent years, the state has concentrated its efforts on the construction of over 400 million mu of drought and flood fields to ensure high and stable yields, with an increase of 100 to 200 Jin per mu. Last year, drought occurred in some parts of Henan Province. Farmers found that the high-standard farmland has been built, and because of the complete irrigation facilities, the growth of corn is no less than that of non-drought areas.
The figures are the most convincing of the current situation of food security. At present, the self-sufficiency rate of rice, wheat and Maize in China maintains above 98%, and the per capita grain occupancy reaches 900 kg, which is higher than the world average level. For three consecutive years, grain output has exceeded 1.2 trillion jin, and has repeatedly reached new heights. In 2015, China imported less than 250 billion kg of grain, including about 160 billion kg of soybeans and less than 90 billion kg of the three major cereals. It should be noted that soybean is included in grain caliber statistics in China. Internationally, soybean is the raw material of oil and feed, not food.
There's more data. At present, the effective irrigated area of farmland accounts for more than 52%, indicating that more than half of the farmland can achieve drought, flood and harvest protection; the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has reached 56%, indicating that "feeding on the sky" has been partially changed; the coverage rate of improved crop varieties has stabilized at more than 96%, indicating that all grain varieties have been replaced; The mechanization level is over 61%, which means that the peasants are facing the Loess and facing the sky behind it.
Heavy grain is not only the essence of sunshine, rain and dew and soil, but also embodies the Party Central Committee's policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and rich peasants and the sweat of millions of peasants. Powerful measures and hard achievements are not only reflected in several sets of data.
In 2013, China was affected by many unfavorable factors such as "south drought and North flood". The state timely allocated 31.5 billion yuan of the central subsidy of the grain risk fund, and all the risk funds in the main producing areas of the country were borne by the central finance. In that year, grain production increased in summer, early rice and autumn, and the year-round grain production reached a new level of 100 billion jin in the year of disaster.
In 2014, the economic benefits of grain production were highlighted. Agricultural prices remained high, and labor costs and land rents rose significantly. In this regard, the state raised and announced the minimum purchase price of rice as early as possible, arranged temporary storage and auction of state treasury in time, gave farmers a reassuring pill, protected farmers'enthusiasm for growing grain, and maintained the stable operation of grain prices. Minimum purchase price, temporary storage plan and policy grain bidding transaction have been gradually improved, and China's grain market regulation policy system has been formed.
In 2015, the grain production encountered a strong El Nino phenomenon, and the migratory diseases and insect pests were more serious. In some areas, there were low temperature in spring and drought in summer. From deep sowing to timely sowing, from fertilizer and water management to pest prevention and control, the relevant departments issued more than 20 Guidance Opinions throughout the year, from spring farming, spring management, "three summers" production to autumn harvest, autumn and winter planting, to village household guidance. While increasing grain production, agricultural products such as cotton oil, sugar, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables and fish have developed steadily.
To ensure food security, we must go beyond agriculture and promote it with a broad vision. Nowadays, the CPC Central Committee is in charge of the overall situation, 11 ministries and commissions cooperate actively, production and marketing areas cooperate fully, and steadily promote the improvement of food security.
Making Important Contributions to World Food Security
As a large country with a population of 1.3 billion, ensuring its own food security is in itself the greatest contribution to world food security. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that China has abundant grain stocks and sufficient market supply, which not only effectively stabilizes the price of domestic grain market, but also contributes greatly to ensuring world food security.
China's grain output has increased year by year, with a "twelve consecutive increases" in 2015. This is due to the slowing down of economic growth year by year, frequent natural disasters, tightening of resource constraints, sustained rise in production costs, aggravation of inverted prices of agricultural products at home and abroad, and the increasingly prominent aging of farming. Especially in the past three years, the high level of grain production has been precious and has become the most prominent economic and social development. One of the highlights.
For the "twelve consecutive increases", consumers have their own feelings. From urban supermarkets to rural fairs, coarse grains and fine grains are available, vegetables and non-staple foods are too numerous, vegetable baskets are abundant, rice bags are enriched, and China on the tip of the tongue is achieved. From focusing on quantity to balanced nutrition, people's demands on their own jobs are increasing. How to match balanced nutrition and how to eat healthier has become a hot topic.
The output has increased year by year, the quality has become better and better, and the structure is more reasonable. Facts speak louder than words. The world-renowned achievements have answered some people's questions about "who will feed China" and further strengthened the Chinese people's confidence that we can solve the problem of eating by ourselves.
In fact, Chinese people not only solve the problem of eating by themselves, but also are trying to help people in other countries solve the problem of eating. China has always been a positive force in safeguarding world food security.
"There are 2.25 billion mu of rice in the world. If half of the hybrid rice is planted, the increased grain yield can feed 450 million more people." Academician Yuan Longping has a global dream of hybrid rice coverage. Super hybrid rice is a prominent contribution of grain science and technology in China to world food security. China's super rice has not only been promoted to 136 million mu in China, accounting for 30% of the total rice planting area, but also increased production by 137.6 kg per mu compared with other varieties. And in India, Vietnam and other countries to promote more than 90 million mu, the average yield per mu is 266 kilograms higher than the local varieties.
Laurent Thomas, Assistant Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, said that FAO was proud to witness China's remarkable achievements in raising 22% of the world's population with only 9% arable land and 6% freshwater resources, and was pleased to see China's transition from an early food recipient to providing technical assistance to many countries in the southern hemisphere. Major donors of aid and other food solutions.
In recent years, China has established agricultural technology demonstration centers, agricultural technology experimental stations and extension stations in nearly 100 countries around the world. More than 30,000 agricultural experts have been dispatched to help these countries train a large number of food technicians. "We want to see hunger and poverty eradicated globally, and we are willing to share agricultural technology, experience and patterns of agricultural development with other countries." At the headquarters of FAO, the words of Chinese leaders were loud.
He who does not seek the world for a long time is not enough for a short time. Standing at a new starting point, facing the more complex international grain pattern, the CPC Central Committee still has not relaxed the importance of food security at all. "Keeping grain in the ground, in technology and in people" has become the three pillars to ensure food security in the future.
—— Keep grain in technology, insert the wings of science and technology for grain production. A technology creates a miracle, a seed changes a world. There is still a big gap between China's agricultural science and technology and developed countries. The gap is the potential. In the future, we should adhere to the connotative road of relying on science and technology and improving unit yield. Scientific and technological support should not only "top the heavens" and pay attention to the introduction and innovation of advanced scientific research achievements, but also "stand" to promote new technologies and varieties to millions of households.
—— Keep grain on the ground and protect cultivated land like giant pandas. Today's arable land is tomorrow's rice bowl. In the past, the reduction of cultivated land was due to both the land occupied by urbanization and the non-intensive use of land. Under the new situation, the CPC Central Committee emphasizes that the strictest system of protecting cultivated land and the strictest system of saving land should be implemented. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that farmland should be protected like giant pandas. In the explanation of the 13th Five-Year Plan proposal, he extended the land for Tibetan grain and proposed to explore the implementation of cropland rotation and fallow farming system.
—— Keep grain in people's hands and play the role of food security stabilizer of farmers. Farmers' grain storage plays an important role in China's grain storage system. A large amount of grain is stored in the hands of farmers. When the supply is tight, farmers will not rush to buy; when harvest is good, there will be no large sell-off, which is very important for stabilizing the market. Compared with the practice that countries usually only emphasize food production, the CPC Central Committee emphasizes the need to strengthen the three major capacity-building of food production, storage and circulation at the same time, which is a major innovation in the capacity-building of food security in China.
What is precious is virtuous, what is precious is valley. "Rice" is the way of survival and development. One rice and one rice concerns national security and people's happiness. The Party Central Committee has implemented the new food security strategy in an all-round way so as to make the food base more reliable, the development base deeper and the social base more stable.
