The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is another golden period of agricultural and rural development in China. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, China's grain production spanned two hundred billion jin steps. The average annual increase of farmers'income was 9.5%. The income ratio of urban and rural residents dropped to less than 2.9:1. Farmers' lives improved significantly. However, in the new stage of China's economic transition, system transformation and social transformation, agricultural and rural development also faced new challenges.
Opportunities and challenges coexist
Progress is always accompanied by new challenges. Then, in the new stage of economic transformation, system transformation and social transformation, what new challenges are facing agricultural and rural development?
First, China's grain prices have fallen, imports and stocks have reached record highs, resulting in a simultaneous increase in grain production, stocks and imports. It is an arduous and urgent task to speed up the adjustment of agricultural production structure.
Second, farmers continue to increase their incomes without bright spots and pillars. According to statistics, in 2015, 39.4% and 40.3% of the disposable income per capita were household management and wage income. However, the current food price is low, and it is difficult for the state to continue to raise the policy purchase price of grain. Influenced by the slowing down of economic growth, the growth rate of peasant's migrant workers'income has dropped significantly. In 2015, the average monthly income level of peasant workers is 3072 yuan, which is lower than the growth rate of peasant's disposable income per capita. How to promote the continuous increase of farmers'income through reform has become an important issue at present.
Third, the space for sustained and rapid development of agriculture is narrowed, and the competitiveness of agriculture needs to be further enhanced. At present, agricultural production is generally faced with the problem of "three high and two low". That is to say, the cost of land transfer is high, the cost of manpower is high, the input of material and chemical is high, the net profit of large-scale agricultural production is low, and the quality of agricultural products is low. In terms of the high cost of land transfer, taking Yangling Demonstration Area as an example, the average cost of land transfer per mu in 2009 was 700 yuan, reaching about 1300 yuan in 2015; in terms of the high cost of manpower, the average daily wage of adult male ordinary miscellaneous workers was about 120 yuan; the high biochemical input refers to fertilizer, pesticide and expansion in the production links. The abuse of large dosage is serious. Since this year, the average wholesale price of wheat, maize and rice in China is over 30% higher than the cost price after CIF. All these reflect the problems of low agricultural efficiency and low competitiveness in China.
Fourthly, the contradiction between the supply of middle and low-end agricultural products and the demand of market groups for high-quality agricultural products has become increasingly prominent, and "can't sell" and "can't buy" coexist. With the deepening of reform and opening up, people's living standards have improved significantly. People's demand for agricultural products has changed from "satiety" to "eating well", "eating environmental protection" and "eating ecology". People's attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products has even exceeded that of prices. Good quality, safe and secure agricultural products have become a broad demand of the masses. But in reality, the problem of using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities in production and additives in processing has seriously threatened the quality of primary agricultural products and food.
Urgent Reform of Agricultural Supply Side
Facing many challenges and constraints, it is urgent to improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system through the reform of the agricultural supply side so as to improve the agricultural efficiency and competitiveness in an all-round way in order to continuously promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers'income. To this end, it is suggested that:
One is to formulate the outline of agricultural production structure and regional layout planning at the national level. Accurately grasping the dynamics of the consumer market, facing the whole land and resources, focusing on controlling the total amount, improving the quality and de-stocking of resources endowment of different provinces, ensuring the balance of supply of cropping, animal husbandry and fishery as the main content, further clarifying the leading industries, industrial scale and fishery of agricultural production in each province (region). Quality standards should clarify the increasing scale of agricultural products with market demand, reduce the adjustment and reduction of agricultural products in market demand, and enable each province (region) to develop modern agriculture around the "big order" put forward by the state, so as to reverse the current situation of overlapping agricultural production structure and regional layout, blind production and disorderly production.
Second, we should insist on the large-scale management of land to reduce the cost of agricultural production. We should further standardize the circulation of rural land, at the same time, guide farmers to take part in all kinds of new agricultural management subjects with land, and then promote the moderate scale of land management, and solve the problems of low mechanized productivity, inappropriate social services and standardized production implementation brought about by the "single-family" mode of production by the large-scale management of land. The problems of inadequate, difficult Agricultural Supervision and high cost of agricultural production are discussed.
Thirdly, we should persist in taking the government's policy guidance as a key measure to improve the quality of agricultural products at this stage. On the one hand, we should accelerate the pace of standardized production. Speeding up the formulation of technical standards for crop cultivation and livestock breeding at the national level, encouraging professional associations to make useful explorations in standardization formulation, and guiding various business entities to standardize production by means of financial subsidies and policy support, so as to impose certain restrictions or even penalties on non-standardized production. The implementation of agricultural standardized production to achieve full coverage. On the other hand, relevant policies should be introduced to support the development of organic agriculture. Through tax reduction and exemption, financial support and other measures, subsidies are given to enterprises producing organic fertilizers and pollution-free pesticides, and subsidies are given to all kinds of agricultural operators who use organic fertilizers and pollution-free pesticides to develop organic agriculture, so as to improve the quality of agricultural products. After the organic agricultural products are generally recognized by the market and the supply and demand are relatively balanced, the subsidy policy will be gradually abolished.
Source: People's daily